Correlation between Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Low Birth Weight: Meta-Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.04.05Abstract
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a newborn baby weighing less than 2500 grams. Low birth weight is a serious condition in developing countries. The impact of cigarette smoke on pregnant women who are exposed to cigarette smoke is at a higher risk of complications, such as miscarriage, premature birth, or babies born with low weight. This study aims to analyze the relationship between exposure to secondhand smoke and low birth weight.
Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis by systematically reviewing primary articles from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scient Direct and Springerlink by selecting articles published in 2012-2022. The articles searched using PICO were P: Pregnant women, I: exposed to cigarette smoke, C: not exposed to cigarette smoke, O: low birth weight. Keywords "Exposure to smoking pregnant women" OR "Expectant mother" OR "Pregnancy women" OR "Exposed to cigarettes" OR "Secondhand smoke exposure" OR "Cigarette smoke expo- sure" AND "Low birth weight" OR "Low weight babies" AND “Case control” AND “Adjusted odds ratio”. Articles used PRISMA flow diagrams and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.
Results: There were nine articles analyzed consisting of Nepal, Morocco, Ethiopia, Sierra Leone, India, Indonesia and China. Meta-analysis showed that cigarette smoke exposure increased the risk of low birth weight and was statistically significant (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.58 to 3.03; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk of weight gain in LBW infants by 2.19 times compared to not exposed to cigarette smoke.
Keywords: exposure to cigarette smoke, low birth weight, meta-analysis.
Correspondence: Winei Handriani. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: wineihandriani02@gmail.com. Mobile: 083150000253.
Keywords:
exposure to cigarette smoke, low birth weight, meta-analysisReferences
Adah BN, Omar S (2014). The effect of second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy on the newborn weight in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci, 21(2), 44–53. PMID: 24876807; PMICID:PMC 4028571
Anil K C, Basel PL, Singh S (2020). Low birth weight and its associated risk factors: Health facility-based casecontrol study. PLoS ONE, 15(6), 1–10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234907
Ayu N, Eka M, Komang N, Resiyanthi, A, Data J, Kintamani I (2020). Kejadian stunting berkaitan dengan perilaku merokok orang tua (The incidence of stunting is related to the smoking behavior of parents). Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Anak, 3(2), 24–30.
Badan Pusat Statistik (2020). Profil Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2020 (Maternal and Child Health Profile 2020).
Benkaddour YA, Fatih B, Majdi F, Soummani A (2016). Passive smoking and other principal risk factors associated with low birth weight. Open J-Obstet Gynecol, 6(7), 390-395. doi: 10.4236/ojog.2016.67051
Blencowe H, Krasevec J, de Onis M, Black RE, An X, Stevens GA, Borghi E et al., (2019). National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob. Health, 7(7), e849–e860. doi: 10.1016/S2214109X(18)305655
Dendir E, Deyessa N (2017). Substance use and birth weight among mothers attending public hospitals: A case control study. Ethiop. J. Health Dev, 31(1), 27-35.
Eftekhar M, Pourmasumi S, Sabeti P, Mirhosseini F (2016). Relation of second hand smoker and newborn parameters. Womens Health Gynecol. 6, 2.
Gebregzabiherher Y, Haftu A, Weldemariam S, Gebrehiwet H. (2017). The prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight among term newborns in adwa general hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Obstet Gynecol Int,7(1). doi:10.1155/2017/2149156
Hamułka J, Zielińska MA, Chądzyńska K (2018). The combined effects of alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy on birth outcomes. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 69(1), 45–54.
Husaini A (2017). Tobat Merokok (Smoking Repentance). Bandung: Mizan Medika Utama.
Kargbo DK, Kofi N, Samuel S, Adolphina L, Ernest K, Francis A (2021). Determinants of low birth weight deliveries: an unmatched case-control study in five referral Hospitals in Western Area Urban District, Sierra Leone. 1– 20.
Kataoka MC, Carvalheira APP, Ferrari AP, Malta MB, de Barros Leite Carvalhaes MA, de Lima Parada CMG et al., (2018). Smoking during pregnancy and harm reduction in birth weight: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 18(1), 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s1288401816944
Kemenkes RI. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019.
Khattar D, Awasthi S, Das V (2013). Residential environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and low birth weight of neonates: case control study in a public hospital in Lucknow, India. Indian Pediatr, 50(1), 134–138. doi:10.1007/S133120130035Y
Lestari KSD, Putra IAE, Karmaya INM (2015). Paparan asap rokok pada ibu hamil di rumah tangga terhadap risiko peningkatan kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah di Kabupaten Gianyar (Exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women in the household to the risk of increasing the incidence of low birth weight babies in Gianyar Regency). J Prev Med Public Health, 3(1), 11. doi:10.15562/phpma.v3i1.94
Mapandin A, Yetti E, Handayani SW (2021). Faktor risiko kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) di RSUD Lakipadada Kabupaten Tana Toraja (Risk factors for the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW) in Lakipadada Hospital, Tana Toraja Regency). The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion, 4(2), 321–329.
Mawaddah S, Tiyawati S (2021). Passive Smokers Pregnant Women with Low Birth Weight. J. info kesehat, 19(1), 47-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol19Iss1
Mingude AB, Gebretsadik W (2020). Determinants of low birth weight among live birth newborns delivered at public hospitals in Gamo Gofa Zone , South Ethiopia : Unmatched case control study. SAGE Open Med., 8, 1– 8. doi:10.1177/205031212094054
Owili PO, Muga MA, Kuo HW (2018). Gender difference in the association between environmental tobacco smoke and birth weight in Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health,1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071409 Owa K (2019). Anemia sebagai faktor risiko bayi berat lahir rendah di Nusa Tenggara Timur (Anemia as a risk factor for low birth weight babies in East Nusa Tenggara). Jurnal Kesehatan Primer, 4(1), 13–22. doi: 10.31965/jkp
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 109 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengamanan Bahan Yang Mengandung Zat Adiktif Berupa Produk Tembakau Bagi Kesehatan. (2012).
Putri NUE, Alibasjah RW, Khasanah U (2018). Hubungan antara ibu hamil perokok pasif dengan kelahiran bayi berat lahir rendah di Kota Cirebon tahun 2014-2016 (Studi di Puskesmas Cangkol, Kesunean, dan Pegambiran) (The relationship between passive smoking pregnant women and the birth of low birth weight babies in Cirebon City in 2014-2016 (Study at Cangkol, Kesunean, and Pegambiran Health Centers). Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan, 4(1), 5-9
Sugiarti W, Lubis E (2021). Hubungan berat badan lahir (BBL) dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di ruang kebidanan RSD Demang Sepulau Raya Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Periode Juni 2019-Mei 2020 (Relationship between birth weight (BBL) and the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum in the obstetrics ward of RSD Demang Se Island Raya, Central Lampung Regency for the period of June 2019-May 2020). Bunda Edu-Midwifery Journal (BEMJ), 4(1), 31–37.
Sodik MA (2018). Merokok & dampak bahayanya (Smoking and its harmful effects). Pekalongan. PT Nasya Expanding Management
Wandita DT (2020). Pengaruh cukai rokok terhadap konsumsi rokok serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi rokok (The effect of cigarette excise on cigarette consumption and the factors that influence cigarette consumption). Jurnal pendidikan ekonomi, 14(1), 159–165. doi: 10.19184/jpe.v14i1.16659
Wang R, Sun T, Yang Q, Yang Q, Wang J, Li H, Sun J et al. (2020). Low birthweight of children is positively associated with mother’s prenatal tobacco smoke exposure in Shanghai: a crosssectional study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 20(1), 1-9.
Xi C, Luo M, Wang T, Wang Y, Wang S, Guo L, Lu C (2020). Association between maternal lifestyle factors and low birth weight in preterm and term births: A case-control study. Reprod. Health, 17(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12978020009329.
