Associations Between Maternal Age, Age at First Marriage, Marital Duration, and Long-Acting Contraceptive Method Choice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.04.04Abstract
Background: Indonesia is currently facing a significant trend of early marriage, ranking 10th globally in child marriage rates. Long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPMs), including intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, and female sterilization/tubectomy, are important options for spacing or limiting pregnancy. However, evidence from primary healthcare remains limited.
Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 participants at primary care facilities in Surakarta, Indonesia, from September to October 2025. Respondents were recruited using non-probability, namely total sampling, over two months. Minimal sample size count using central limit theorem (CLT). The outcome variable was LAPM type (tubectomy, IUD, or implant). The independent variables were current maternal age, age at first marriage, and marital duration. Statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate (Chi-square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact tests), and multinomial logistic regression.
Results: Most respondents were aged ≥35 years (50.0%), first married between 20 and 24 years of age (48.3%), had been married for ≥10 years (66.7%), and used an IUD (68.3%). Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant association between LAPM type and maternal age (p=0.526), age at first marriage (exact p=0.123), or marital duration (p=0.460). In the multivariate model, age at first marriage was significantly associated with LAPM choice after adjustment for maternal age and marital duration (p=0.030), but for category-specific comparisons, none of the age-at-first-marriage categories showed a statistically significant association with tubectomy or implant use compared with IUD use. Maternal age and marital duration were not significant variables.
Conclusion: Age at first marriage showed a statistically significant contribution to the overall multinomial model after adjustment. However, because none of the category-specific adjusted estimates were statistically significant and the sample size was limited, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.
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