Association of Nutritional Status and Glycemic Control with Lipid Profile and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. Moewardi Regional Hospital, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.03.06Abstract
Background: Adolescent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming more common worldwide, a trend tied to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia that raise cardiovascular risk from a young age. In Indonesia, evidence describing adolescents with this condition is still scarce. The present study sought to examine how nutritional status and glycemic control relate to lipid profile and metabolic syndrome among adolescents with T2DM treated at Dr. Moewardi Regional Hospital.
Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional analytic observational design was applied to 51 patients with T2DM, aged 12–18 years, at Dr. Moewardi Regional Hospital. The variables assessed comprised age, sex, body mass index (BMI), presence of metabolic syndrome, HbA1c, and a fasting lipid panel (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides). For bivariate testing, the Chi-Square/ Fisher’s Exact Test and the Mann-Whitney U test were applied, whereas the link between HbA1c and the lipid panel was examined through Spearman correlation. Independent predictors were then explored using binary logistic regression.
Results: Among the 51 patients, females predominated (92.2%), the 12–14 year bracket was most frequent (49.0%), and the mean HbA1c at diagnosis reached 12.66 ± 2.88%. Obesity was present in 52.9% and metabolic syndrome in 51.0%. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL were markedly elevated among those with metabolic syndrome (all p<0.001). HbA1c correlated strongly and positively with triglycerides (rs=0.752; p<0.001) and LDL (rs=0.674; p<0.001). On multivariate testing, obesity emerged as an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome (OR=166.12; CI95% 9.88 to 2792.23; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia were highly prevalent in these adolescents with T2DM. Because both obesity and inadequate glycemic control were significantly associated with the metabolic disease burden, early screening together with comprehensive management of cardiometabolic comorbidities is warranted.
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